Negative And Negative Impacts Of Bullying Essay - 951 Words

Prevalence The nature of bullying presents some challenges to accurately determining either its prevalence or severity. Both the positive and negative social interactions of school aged children may be misinterpreted by peers or by education professionals. Additionally, victims and perpetrators of bullying may be less likely to provide truthful responses to research inquiries out of fear of retaliation from peers or school personnel. In spite of these challenges, numerous recent studies on bullying have produced fairly consistent results that may point to an accurate baseline of bullying activity. Several studies demonstrate that bullying continues to be a significant issue for both primary and secondary schools (Casebeer, 2012; Low et al., 2014; and Veenstra, Lindenberg, Huitsing, Sainio, Salmivalli, 2014). Current literature suggests that around 30 % of students in the United States will experience bullying (Casebeer, 2012; Cornell, Gregory, Huang, Fan, 2013; and O’Brenna n, Waasdorp, Bradshaw, 2014). With studies consistently reporting bullying rates of close to one third of U.S. students, it is vital to understand what bullying looks like in the present culture. Current major types of bullying include verbal, physical, relational, and cyber-based bullying (Casebeer, 2012; Chisholm, 2014). Physical and verbal aggression, such as fighting or teasing, is typically easier to recognize than relational and cyber-based bullying tactics. Even in the case of overt bullyingShow MoreRelatedSticks and Stones May Break My Bones, but So Much More Can Hurt Me: Negative Impacts of Bullying Within Todays Schools1110 Words   |  4 Pages but So Much More Can Hurt Me Remember when school yard teasing was really just harmless tick for tack, pig tail pulling, dares to â€Å"cross this line† and double-dog dares to â€Å"knock this block off of my shoulder†? Well, those days are long gone. Bullying has taken on a new and more extreme form since the days of old and it appears to be getting disturbingly worse every day. There seems to be no escape from hearing reports being given on the daily morning, evening and nightly news. Children and adolescentsRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society1309 Words   |  6 Pages or have you ever just had negative thoughts about how to go on with life? When people are bullied they feel unsafe and without them feeling safe it makes them in a unwanted environment and have negative thoughts about life. It is very important for teachers to take a bigger approach on bullying because it can go undetected, be harmful to students, and have a negative impact on families. This also will make the environ ment where the bullying is taking place a negative place for others. Other peopleRead MoreBullying : Abolish Negative Workplace Atmosphere1339 Words   |  6 PagesWorkplace Bullying: Abolish Negative Workplace Atmosphere Bullies are like chameleons. What they do and say may not always be visible, but their words and actions still impact another person’s life. Bullying does not stop once you graduate; however it continues on into the workplace. This must be stopped. Workplace bullying is inappropriate and it produces unbearable environments that lead to negative workplace atmospheres. The main people involved in the situation, the harmful and destructive effectsRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1564 Words   |  7 Pagesfound to have negative impacts on individual’s social and psychological well being including things such as basic empathetic social skills1 (Chan 2014). Social awareness and the ability to communicate with one another makes up the crux of what it means to have social well-being. However, through the often anti social aspect of social media, physiological issues and issues of social well-being are being brought to light through research and studies invest igating the truly negative effects of socialRead MoreCurrently There Is A Growing Awareness Of The Prevalence1558 Words   |  7 Pagesawareness of the prevalence of bullying and how this serious issue significantly impacts a substantial amount of adolescents worldwide. 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Although socialRead MoreBystander Effect Essay163 7 Words   |  7 PagesNew World College Dictionary, is an individual who is present in a given situation, but is not involved (Agnes, 2001). The word bystander does not always have a negative connotation, but in the case of bullying or an emergency situation, it does. In either scenario, a bystander is not helping in a time of crisis and this can have many negative outcomes. Many factors play a role in remaining passive and not engaging in prosocial behavior (Evans Smokowski, 2015). One of these factors is the well-knownRead MoreToo Much Violence and Bullying among Adolescents816 Words   |  3 Pagessocial/relational bullying incidents among adolescents. Dresler-Hawke and Whitehead (2009, p. 195) define relational bullying as â€Å"a form of victimization whereby peer relationships are purposefully undermined with the intention of socially excluding individuals.† Relational bullying relates to the adolescent as this is an indirect form of bullying that has a negative imp act on the social development of this population (Vessey, DiFazio, and Strout, 2013, p. 338). This paper focuses on the negative impacts thatRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Society892 Words   |  4 Pagesbillion, and the estimated value of the company is $100 billion. There are negative and positive effects of social media since the launched of Facebook in 2004. The great debate is: have Facebook plays a positive or negative impact in society? To answer the question, a person needs to analysis the negative and positive effect that Facebook has on society. There are several negative points regard to Facebook. One negative point is that a person can get addicted to the site; the only way a personRead MoreLateral Violence in the Workplace1270 Words   |  6 Pageswork environment. The concept of LV is also known as abusive behavior, horizontal violence, bullying, aggression, horizontal hostility, verbal abuse or â€Å"nurses eating their young†. There are four main themes that appear throughout the five articles. The negative effects that LV has on nurses’ health, moral and sense of worth. The negative impact that LV has on patient care and outcome. The negative impact that LV has on the recruitment and retention of nurses by health care organizations. And who

The Industrial Revolution And Agricultural Revolution

hroughout history, sociological developments such as the Industrial Revolution and Agricultural Revolution have paved the way for the creation of new and innovative advancements in the expansion of society. Today, society is subject to an all-encompassing Communication Revolution. Thanks to the plethora of technological improvements and communication technology released almost routinely, it is easier than ever before to stay in touch with people from all over the world through multiple means of communication. Perhaps one of the most prevalent sources of correspondence today is social media, particularly Facebook. In developing and maintaining friendships with others online, relationships are both strengthened and weakened by the barriers and networks formed through social media. As a result, sites like Facebook create a communication gap between those whose friendships are dependent upon social media, leaving numerous traits of the individual and the group up for debate. Most importa ntly, the influence of social media sites is slowly working to redefine the meaning of terms such as â€Å"community† and â€Å"friendship,† which have an overwhelming affect on an individual’s development and presentation of the Self, both online and offline. Together, these aspects of social interaction have a meaningful effect on the development of the individual and their social relationships. While interacting with a group of friends in person and speaking face-to-face is still preferable, â€Å"likes,†Show MoreRelatedA Brief Look at the Industrial Revolution1130 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution began in 19th century England and eventually spread to Belgium, France, Germany, the United States and Japan. It was a fundamental change in the way goods were produced, due to the Agrarian Revolution and new technology; it altered the way people lived. The Industrial Revolution, a major turning point in world history, began in England because of the important pre existing economic abundance of natural resources that fueled industry, the agricultural revolution which providedRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution989 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries CE, was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. Prior to th e Industrial Revolution, manufacturing was often done in people’s homes, using hand tools or basic machines. Industrialization marked a shift to powered, special-purpose machinery, factories and mass production. The iron and textile industries, along with the development of the steam engine,Read MoreThe Roots Of The Industrial Revolution1131 Words   |  5 Pagesroots of the industrial revolution started in Great Britain and Europe. There are many conditions and characteristics that attributed to the industrial revolution being born there. First, in the time leading up to the industrial revolution, when every other country was still using rudimentary agricultural techniques, the British were devising their own techniques to cheaply and more efficiently produce food. Next, The British had the upper hand leading to the industrial revolution because of theirRead MoreThe Invention Of The Industrial Revolution1463 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 18th century. Prior to the 18th centu ry and pre-industrial times, the way one sustained and obtained means for survival transformed fairly insufficiently. However, once the Industrial Revolution ignited throughout Europe, the course one’s of livelihood forever changed. While the Agricultural Revolution was a sufficient step forward in metamorphosing human society, it did not reign like the technological advantages of the industrial revolution. The introduction of mass production, steam enginesRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss related to the last 400 years in Western Civilization is the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The Industrial Revolution was what created the modern capitalist system. Britain was the first to lead the way in this huge transformation. Technology changed, businesses, manufactured goods, and wage laborers skyrocketed. There was not only an economic transformation, but also a social transformation. The Industrial Revolution is such an interesting subje ct to further explore, because it trulyRead MoreThe Destruction Of Food Production1393 Words   |  6 Pagessprung up as food harvesting and farming became more optimized and specialized. The procurement of food declined as the greatest usage of human time. The efficiency of food production has allowed humanity to thrive on the different industrial and technological revolutions, and create a better standard of living for many people. Lizzie Widdicombe in the â€Å"End of Food† writes about Soylent, a â€Å"overall food substitute† that aims to replace regular food. According to its creator, Soylent has a lower costRead MoreThe Industrialization Of The Agriculture Revolution1536 Words   |  7 PagesAgriculture Revolution The agriculture revolution, a defining point in human history. The revolution started and took place in Europe, mainly England, during the 18th century. This transformation involved improvements and innovation on the production of food, from using new techniques such as new crop rotation systems, machinery, and experimentation of crops which led to not only better and healthier food, but led to a more efficient way to produce mass amounts of food. The revolution started fromRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Industrial Revolution Essay999 Words   |  4 PagesIndustrialization is the process by which an economy is transformed from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods. There were several people involved in the industrialization process, such as Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan. The Industrial Revolution completely restructured the old America into a completely different place in which we now live in. These changes brought about railroads, manufacturing cities, and population growth;Read MoreWhy The British Led The Industrial Revolution1536 Words   |  7 PagesWhy the British Led the Industrial Revolution What led Great Britain to become the first country to star in the Industrial Revolution, comes down to a complex system of factors, each aspect holds a major role in the contribution in the growth in the Industrial Revolution and of Great Britain. While much is known about the happenings of the Industrial Revolution itself, less is acknowledged about the events that were direct causes of the period. Histories and economist have pointed towards severalRead MorePositive and Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution1144 Words   |  5 PagesPositive and Negative Impacts of the Industrial Revolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The Industrial Revolution was a change in the mid-18th  century from small scale, domestic production of goods to machine-based, mass production of goods. It is usually thought of as having mostly or only positive impacts on Europe. Although the revolution did have many positive impacts, it had its fair share of negative impacts as well. Some of the positive outcomes included the overall increase in production and value of

The Promotion Of A Disabled Population Essay - 1668 Words

According to the 2000 U.S. Census, nearly fifty million individuals, one in every five people ages five and older in the United States are living with potentially disabling conditions (United States Census Bureau website, 2012). Because so many Americans are living with a disability, the Americans with Disability Act, enacted in 1990, was a landmark act that reduced many barriers for people with disabilities (Thompson, 2015). However, more needs of the disabled population are being identified. Consequently, more regulatory policy formulation needs to be done to improve the health of people with disabilities and their families (Mason, Gardner, Outlaw, O’Grady, 2016). Various areas of health care, health finance, and nursing practice do not have sufficient policies to deliver affordable care safely, effectively, and efficiently to a disabled population of this size. Scarce resources, changing times, and fluctuations of demographic trends are reasons policies are lacking for the disabled community (Mason et al., 2016). This paper will describe the promotion of a policy initiative, extending the Stephen Beck Jr. Achieving a Better Life Experience Act (ABLE) to disabled individuals of all ages. A key step in assimilating policy on a public agenda is identifying key stakeholders. As a member of the Rock Island County community ABLE task force, our mission is federal legislation to ease financial strains by the creation of a tax-advantaged savings account for individualsShow MoreRelatedAging and Disability Worksheet1334 Words   |  6 PagesAssociate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Loss of loved ones 2. Mobility 3. Discrimination due to age Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice against a group who is of old age and discriminated against solely based on theirRead MoreThe Policies Of The Disabled People With Disabilities And Their Families Essay1302 Words   |  6 Pages(Thompson, 2015). However, more needs of the disabled population are being identified. Consequently, more regulatory policy formulation needs to be done to improve the health of people with disabilities and their families (Mason, Gardner, Outlaw, O’Grady, 2016). Various areas of health care, health finance, and nursing practice do not have sufficient policies to deliver affordable care safely, effectively, and efficiently to a disabled population of this size. Scarce resources, changing timesRead MoreDisabilities : People With Disabilities Essay1442 Words   |  6 Pages In 2012, the U.S. Census Bureau released a report that approximately 1 in every 5 Americans has a disability, which translated into almost 56.7 million people (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012). Moreover, more than half of that population was severely disabled. However, many disabled people are stigmatized and excluded from everyday activities, do not receive the required disability-related services, and are not accorded equal access to employment opportunities, education, and health care. Despite theRead MoreSignapore1462 Words   |  6 PagesSingapore’s Healthcare System Singapore is an island country located in Southeast Asia, between Indonesia and Malaysia with a population of 5.3 million. Recognized and praised for their electrical manufacturing industry, finance and healthcare, Singapore was named the third wealthiest nation in the world by Forbes Magazine for 2012. Singapore has established and received acclaim for a remarkable healthcare system. With government intervention, private sectors and programs that promote healthyRead MoreOccupational Therapists And The Occupational Therapy706 Words   |  3 PagesTherapist enables people to engage and participate in everyday activities trough occupation. The latter role is not only applicable for individuals but also groups or populations. Eventually, with the increase of the aging population, expensive health care services, occupational therapists will have to incorporate health promotion practices into their actual roles.To cope with this phenomenon and to better meet older adult’s need s, the occupational therapist s role would benefit from being enlargedRead MoreCurrent Legislation And Sector Skills Standards Influence On Rights Of Service Users1699 Words   |  7 Pages LEARNING OUTCOME 1 1.1 CURRENT LEGISLATION AND SECTOR SKILLS STANDARDS INFLUENCE ON RIGHTS OF SERVICE USERS According to the Disability Discrimination Act 1995, a disabled person â€Å"has a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on his ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities. † Around 11 million people in the UK are living with a limiting long term illness, impairment or disability with less than half employed. With developing technology, peopleRead MoreA Market Plan for People with Disabilities828 Words   |  3 Pagesimplementation, and improvement. With the help of the center the disabled will be able to reach their goals. The main parts of the center are: internal environment, external environment, objective for marketing, target population, advertising, product strategy, promotion strategy, affordability, and location. Internal Environment Mission Statement The mission of Searcy County Career Development Center is to help all people, especially the disabled, to find a job. No matter what disability or problem a personRead MoreEssay987 Words   |  4 Pagesgoals, so I too will separate women from other minority groups for my analysis. If democracy promotion is about representation, why would these political scientists—who are trying to define the priorities for electing legislators—not find female representation as important as minority representation, even though women are arguably the largest minority group, considering that literally half the population is female. However, this emphasis on other minority groups—ethnic, religious, etc.—is rationalRead MoreHigh School Education in India1546 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelopment of Secondary Education sector is also guided by the following Centrally Sponsored Schemes: 1.  Ã‚   Integrated Education for Disabled Children 2.  Ã‚   Improvement of Science Education in Schools 3.  Ã‚   Promotion of Yoga in Schools 4.  Ã‚   Strengthening Boarding and Hostel Facilities for Girls 5.  Ã‚   Environmental orientation to School Education. 6.  Ã‚   National Population Education Project. 7.  Ã‚   National Awards for Teachers. A brief description of each of these Schemes is given below. 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Critical Appraisal of the Evidence

Question: Discuss about the Critical Appraisal of the Evidence. Answer Introduction: Stroke is sudden onset of neurological deficit that results in weakness or paralysis on one side of the body. Stroke is the major health concern in Singapore and also is the largest cause of long-term physical disability. The most common problem found in stroke patients is the motor function problems in upper limb. In the case of sub acute stroke, the patient suffers from diminished motor functions; the body also displays weakness on any one side. This weakness of the body on one side is called as hemiplegia. Hemiplegic arm is the condition, where the patient cant move their arm after stroke. The most common form of providing movement to such arm is the passive range movement (LanninAda, 2011 ). Spasticity and contractures in the upper limb may affect the patients in their daily activities. These problems often start to develop within 6 to 8 weeks post stroke. (Andria, van de port Meijer, 2013).The exact cause of contractures is undetermined; however some article said that contracture may result from neurological condition example like stroke and Traumatic brain injury. (Beaty Murphy,2013).After a stroke, spasticity is a common problem in paretic limb that often leads to severe and permanent deformity.(Sheehan, winzer, Mercay Mudie,2006).When our group members discussed we also found that in Singapore each hospital are using different kinds ofsplints.However wanted to know if splinting was more effective in reducing contractures comparing to positioning. Therefore, the topic was chosen due to interest.Through evidence based practice by comparing hand splinting and hand position, to find which method is more effective in preventing contractures. The selected clinical questi on is important to be reviewed, because these are the two most common methods that are used in various clinical setting to treat contractures in stroke patients. So decided to choose randomized control trial design. In this design participants are assigned to treatment conditions at random that is they have an equal probability of being assigned to any group. Critical Appraisal Tool for RCTs The article used for the critical appraisal is Contracture preventive positioning of the hemiplegic arm in subacute stroke patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Was true randomization used for assignment of participants to treatment groups? The study is the single blind pilot randomized control trial. Yes, the participants was randomly assigned two different groups using opaque, sealed envelopes containing leaflets with either a capital A(experimental group) or a capital B (control group). The participants included in the study, were all the stroke patients, who had to go through the inclusion criteria. The participants, who had been going through the good recovery of the arm, were excluded from the study. The treatment groups used in the study were selected on the basis of the inclusion criteria. The researcher included only those subjects, who had first time stroke defined according to WHO, the participant must have the medial cerebral artery stroke which has been established by means of computerized tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI), The participant should not have any premorbid impairment in the affected arm, should not have severe pain in the arm and should not have used antispasticity drugs, no pain reducing medicine except paracetamol has been used, no planned date of discharge, and must provide the written consent. The methodology used in the study seems to be appropriate for obtaining the desired outcomes. Having a control group verifies the study to be Randomized control trial. Was allocation to groups concealed? Yes, an independent person carried out the randomization procedure by allocating the groups using opaque, sealed envelopes containing leaflets with either a capital A( experimental group) or a capital B( control group).Therefore, no biasness. Were treatment groups similar at the baseline? Yes, the participants in the treatment group were similar. All the subjects in both the groups were randomized after the initial selection criteria. All the participants with subacute stroke were selected for the study and patients with severe stroke or other cognitive problems were excluded. The subjects with fair to good recovery of the arm were excluded from the study to avoid any kind of biases. The patients with same stage of the disease and similar co-existing condition were selected. Means of passive range motion were equally compared. Were participants blind to treatment assignment? No, the participants were not blinded to the treatment assignment. The written consent was taken from the participants. The positioning procedure was carried out for 5 weeks. The subjects in the experiment group were asked to participate in the procedure for another 5 weeks for the purpose of follow-ups. Thus, the subjects were not blinded. Were those delivering treatment blind to treatment assignment? No, positioning was carried out by the nursing staff under supervision of trained research physical therapists who instructed how the positioning procedure should be carried out. Were outcome assessors blind to treatment assignment? Yes, Blinding was achieved by reminding the participants before every measurement that they should not reveal allocation to the observers. Were treatments groups treated identically other than the intervention of interest? Yes, all the subject in the treatment groups received conventional rehabilitation treatment, as prescribed by the primary physician of the subject. The subjects in the experimental group were additionally asked to carry out the positioning posture for the five weeks, twice a day for half an hour. Controlled group didnt receive additional positioning procedure or therapies. Was follow-up complete, and if not, were strategies to address incomplete follow-up utilized? Yes, follow up of each subject in experimental group and control group were done through every stage of the trial. Follow up was done from the initial screening by the rehabilitation physician till the outcome measurements. If the subjects were excluded from the study for one reason or the other, the reasons were also specifically mentioned separately in the study. Were participants analyzed in the groups to which they were randomized? Yes, the participants were analyzed in the groups to which they were randomized. The flow of the subjects, through every stage is presented through a chart. Means (standard deviations) of content of treatment sessions and time spent in the positioning procedure at five weeks, were analyzed in both the groups separately. Were the outcomes measured in the same way for the treatment group? Yes, the outcomes of the treatment groups were measured in the same way. The mean passive range of all the motions were included and represented in the form of table that was measured through hydrogoniometer. The resistances to passive range movements were measured through Ashworth Scale. Resistence to passive stretch in both the groups was measured through Fugl-Meyer Assessment. Barthel Index scores for used for finding ADL-independence in the subjects of both the groups. Were the Outcomes measured in the reliable way? Yes, the outcomes measured in the study are done in the reliable way, as the same measurement scales were used to measure the outcomes in treatment groups. The study also measured outcomes in reliable way, because the results are clearly stated through comparable charts and also primary and secondary outcomes are clearly mentioned. The positioning procedures were carried out in the presence of the trained physiotherapists and also the measurement scales used in the study are reliable. Was appropriate statistical analysis was used? Yes, all the statistical analysis has been done by carrying out the SPSS for Windows (version 10.0.5). For this purpose the level of significance was set as P/0.05. p value is the widely used statistical hypothesis. The assumptions of the statistical test were respected Was the trial design appropriate, and any deviations from the standard RCT design (individual randomization, parallel groups) accounted for in the conduct and analysis of the trial? Yes, the trial design is appropriate, as the study involves the random procedure of assigning the subjects in the experiment and control groups. The main strength of the study is that it used the reliable way of statistical analysis and measurement of the treatment group outcomes. The major limitations of the study are that the study is underpowered, because the sample size is very small. Another limitation was the positioning procedure was carried out in front of various nurses and four physiotherapists, who have the training of carrying out positioning procedures, but there was a lack of individual assessors, which could have increased the rigour of the methodology. The key findings from the paper are that positioning of the hemiplegic arm has small beneficial effect on shoulder abduction in passive range of motion (Prabhu, Swaminathan, Harvey, 2013). The positioning procedures slowed down the development of the shoulder abduction contractures. However, no major difference was found in control group and experiment group. The gap in the knowledge is seen, as effect of positioning procedure on the motor recovery performance, spasticity and independence in ADLs is still unclear (Skalsky, McDonald, 2012). Discussion The suitability of the evidences in the clinical setting and implications for the change in practice is evaluated by the use of F.A.M.E. Scale. F Feasibility; specifically: The cost effectiveness of the study is that it conducted for the limited period of time to collect the samples. The practice used by the researcher is available and considered as the most reliable practice for preventing contractures in stroke patients. The professionals involved in the study have sufficient experience and skills. The trained physiotherapists are asked to carry out the positioning procedures, which signify the feasibility of the study. A Appropriateness; specifically: The practice and procedure used by the study can be considered as culturally safe. The procedure can be considered as transferable to majority of population, as the study was representative of the target population (stroke patients eligible for rehabilitation services). Thus, study is transferable to such settings. However, the study is not easily acceptable to variety of circumstances, as it had particular inclusion criteria since only subacute stroke patients were include and patients with severe stroke were excluded from the study. M Meaningfulness; specifically: The meaningfulness of the study is associated with positive outcomes. The study did not mention any kind of negative outcomes. However, the positive outcomes were limited with small slow down in the development of the shoulder abduction contractures. No other positive result was found. E Effectiveness; specifically: The beneficial effect of the contracture preventing positioning procedure was very small and no major differences were found in experiment and control groups. However, the practice is safe, as contracture prevention positioning is often supported by various studies (Prabhu, Swaminathan, Harvey, 2013). However, this study adds some value to the clinical practice by providing the evidences about the problems (Sanford, 2009). The change in practice can be brought by understanding the problems in the available evidences. The study adds value by explaining the effectiveness of the positioning procedure (Lannin et al, 2007). The current clinical practice continues to use splints for benefitting the people, who have suffered stroke. But, it is important to address that no current research supports or validates the use of splints (Thibaut et al, 2013). . However, contracture prevention positioning is often supported by various studies. What I consider important for change in practice is that passive stretching has found to be beneficial in improving the range of motion. It is also associated with slowing the development of the contractures. Thus, it can be said that positioning procedure is important in preventing contractures (Dewey, Richard, Parry, 2011). The barriers that may hinder the implication of the EBP are the lack of authority to change patient care procedures, insufficient time to apply new practice and difficulty in completely understanding the statistical analysis. These barriers can be overcome by bringing changes on the individual and institutional level. Barriers can be removed by collecting more related evidences, considering clients value, clinical judgment, clinical decision making and system resources. There is also a need for further research with the qualitative analysis. This kind of trial can help in closing the gap. Conclusion The main aim of the paper is to provide the critical appraisal of the selected study through JBI RAPid cghzyshecklist. The critical appraisal of the study by LD de Jong et al (2006) is done. This study is based on finding the effectiveness of the contracture preventing positioning hemiplegic arm in subacute stroke patients. The scope of the study and number of participants is very limited or under powered. The study was carried out on limited numbers of subjects in experimental and control groups. The design of the study is single blind pilot randomized control trial. The evidences provided by the study are very limited, as it excludes number of stroke patients on the basis of inclusion criteria. However, the study is important as it informs about the positioning of the affected limb for preventing contractures. The further and future research requires concentrating on more number of participants. The major problem found in stroke patients is pain. Future research requires developing the study to manage pain in the patients, by preventing contractures. Motor function recovery is the major goal of stroke rehabilitation centers. Motor recovery cannot be achieved without using different clinical treatments. The paper provided the discussion on the basis of substantial research from the reliable resources. References Basaran, A., Emre, U., Ikbal Karadavut, K., Balbaloglu, O., Bulmus, N. (2012). Hand splinting for poststroke spasticity: a randomized controlled trial.Topics in stroke rehabilitation,19(4), 329-337. Borisova, Y., Bohannon, R. W. (2009). Positioning to prevent or reduce shoulder range of motion impairments after stroke: a meta-analysis.Clinical rehabilitation,23(8), 681-686. Bovend'Eerdt, T. J., Newman, M., Barker, K., Dawes, H., Minelli, C., Wade, D. T. (2008). The effects of stretching in spasticity: a systematic review.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation,89(7), 1395-1406. Dewey, W. S., Richard, R. L., Parry, I. S. (2011). Positioning, splinting, and contracture management.Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America,22(2), 229-247. Fergusson, D., Hutton, B., Drodge, A. (2007). The epidemiology of major joint contractures: a systematic review of the literature.Clinical orthopaedics and related research,456, 22-29. Greg Pitts, D., Peganoff OBrien, S. (2008). Splinting the hand to enhance motor control and brain plasticity.Topics in stroke rehabilitation,15(5), 456-467. Katalinic, O. M., Harvey, L. A., Herbert, R. D. (2011). Effectiveness of stretch for the treatment and prevention of contractures in people with neurological conditions: a systematic review.Physical therapy,91(1), 11. Katalinic, O. M., Harvey, L. A., Herbert, R. D., Moseley, A. M., Lannin, N. A., Schurr, K. (2010). Stretch for the treatment and prevention of contractures.The Cochrane Library. Lannin, N. A., Cusick, A., McCluskey, A., Herbert, R. D. (2007). Effects of splinting on wrist contracture after stroke.Stroke,38(1), 111-116. Lannin, N. A., Ada, L. (2011). Neurorehabilitation splinting: theory and principles of clinical use.NeuroRehabilitation,28(1), 21-28. Marco, E., Duarte, E., Vila, J., Tejero, M., Guillen, A., Boza, R., ... Espadaler, J. M. (2007). Is botulinum toxin type A effective in the treatment of spastic shoulder pain in patients after stroke? A double-blind randomized clinical trial.Journal of rehabilitation medicine,39(6), 440-447. Prabhu, R. K., Swaminathan, N., Harvey, L. A. (2013). Passive movements for the treatment and prevention of contractures.The Cochrane Library. Sanford, D. (2009). Effectiveness of Wrist and Hand Splinting for Increasing Recovery of Individuals Post-Stroke. Skalsky, A. J., McDonald, C. M. (2012). Prevention and management of limb contractures in neuromuscular diseases.Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America,23(3), 675-687. Thibaut, A., Chatelle, C., Ziegler, E., Bruno, M. A., Laureys, S., Gosseries, O. (2013). Spasticity after stroke: physiology, assessment and treatment.Brain Injury,27(10), 1093-1105.